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Vol. 304, Issue 1, 56-62, January 2003
Novartis Institute for Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
Vanilloid receptor type 1 (VR1) (TRPV1) is a ligand-gated ion channel
expressed on sensory nerves that responds to noxious heat, protons, and
chemical stimuli such as capsaicin. Herein, we have examined the
activity of the VR1 antagonist capsazepine in models of inflammatory
and neuropathic pain in the rat, mouse, and guinea pig. In
naïve animals, subcutaneous administration of capsazepine
(10-100 mg/kg s.c.) did not affect withdrawal thresholds to noxious
thermal or mechanical stimuli. However, pretreatment with capsazepine
prevented the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by
intraplantar injection of capsaicin, with a similar potency in all
three species. Capsazepine (up to 100 mg/kg s.c.) did not affect
mechanical hyperalgesia in the Freund's complete adjuvant
(FCA)-inflamed hind paw of the rat or mouse. Strikingly, capsazepine
(3-30 mg/kg s.c.) produced up to 44% reversal of FCA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the guinea pig. Capsazepine also produced significant reversal of carageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in the
guinea pig at 30 mg/kg s.c., but was ineffective in the rat. Similarly,
in the partial sciatic nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain,
capsazepine was surprisingly effective in the guinea pig, producing up
to 80% reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia (1-30 mg/kg s.c.) but had
no effect in the rat or mouse. These data show that VR1 antagonists
have antihyperalgesic activity in animal models of chronic inflammatory
and neuropathic pain, and illustrate species differences in the in vivo
pharmacology of VR1 that correlate with differences in pharmacology
previously seen in vitro.
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