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Vol. 303, Issue 1, 273-281, October 2002
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
Endotoxin-mediated cholestasis stems from impaired hepatobiliary
transport of bile acids and organic anions due to altered expression
and activity of transporters, including Oatp,
Mrp, Ntcp, and Bsep.
However, the mechanisms by which the Oatp and Mrp genes are down-regulated are largely unknown. Using
in vivo and in vitro murine models of inflammation, we examined the
role of cytokines and bile acids in regulating Oatp and
Mrp. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), interleukin
(IL)-6, IL-1
, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
, cholic acid,
taurocholate, or taurodeoxycholate was administered in vivo to mice or
in vitro to Hepa 1-6 mouse hepatoma cells. Mrp,
Oatp, and Bsep mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Mrp efflux activity was measured using
5-carboxyfluorescein. In vivo, LPS treatment profoundly suppressed
hepatic mRNA levels of Mrp2, Mrp3, Oatp1, Oatp2, and Bsep to
15, 60, 44, 30, and 32% of controls, respectively
(p < 0.05), but did not significantly alter
Mrp1 expression. IL-6 or IL-1
administration
suppressed Mrp2, Oatp1, Oatp2, and Bsep mRNA levels to 20 to 60%
controls (p < 0.05). TNF-
administration
affected mRNA levels of Mrp2, Mrp3, and
Oatp2 but not Oatp1 or
Bsep. Bile acid treatment increased the in vivo expression of Bsep but not Mrp or
Oatp. Likewise, significantly lower mRNA levels of
Mrp2 with a corresponding decrease in cellular efflux of
5-carboxyfluorescein was seen in vitro in IL-6- and IL-1
-treated
Hepa 1-6 cells, whereas bile acids did not have significant effects. In
conclusion, cytokines are key mediators in regulating hepatic
expression of anion transporters in inflammatory cholestasis, whereas
bile acids likely play a minor role.
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