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Vol. 300, Issue 3, 918-924, March 2002
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School
of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., S.K., S.N., H.K., S.H.C., T.S., H.E.);
and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K., T.Y.)
Renal excretion is an important elimination pathway for antiviral
agents, such as acyclovir (ACV), ganciclovir (GCV), and zidovudine
(AZT). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular
mechanisms of renal ACV, GCV, and AZT transport using cells stably
expressing human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), hOAT2, hOAT3, and
hOAT4, and human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) and hOCT2. Time-
and concentration-dependent uptake of ACV and GCV was observed in
hOAT1- and hOCT1-expressing cells. In contrast, uptake of valacyclovir,
L-valyl ester of ACV, was observed only in hOAT3-expressing
cells. On the other hand, AZT uptake was observed in hOAT1-, hOAT2-,
hOAT3-, and hOAT4-expressing cells. The Km
values of ACV uptake by hOAT1 and hOCT1 were 342.3 and 151.2 µM,
respectively, whereas those of GCV uptake by hOAT1 and hOCT1 were 895.5 and 516.2 µM, respectively. On the other hand, the
Km values of AZT uptake by hOAT1, hOAT2,
hOAT3, and hOAT4 were 45.9, 26.8, 145.1, and 151.8 µM, respectively.
In addition, probenecid weakly inhibited the hOAT1-mediated ACV uptake.
In conclusion, these results suggest that hOAT1 and hOCT1 mediate renal
ACV and GCV transport, whereas hOAT1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4 mediate
renal AZT transport. In addition, L-valyl ester appears to
be important in differential substrate recognition between hOAT1 and
hOAT3. hOAT1 may not be the molecule responsible for the drug
interaction between ACV and probenecid.
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