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Vol. 300, Issue 2, 355-360, February 2002
Birth Defects Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and
Pharmacology/Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's
Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Although some patterns are beginning to emerge, our knowledge of human
phase I drug-metabolizing enzyme developmental expression remains far
from complete. Expression has been observed as early as organogenesis,
but this appears restricted to a few enzymes. At least two of the
enzyme families that are expressed in the fetal liver exhibit a
temporal switch in the immediate perinatal period (e.g., CYP3A7 to
CYP3A4/3A5 and FMO1 to FMO3), whereas others show a progressive change
in isoform expression through gestation (e.g., the class I alcohol
dehydrogenases). Many of the phase I drug-metabolizing enzyme
exhibit dynamic perinatal expression changes that are regulated
primarily by mechanisms linked to birth and secondarily to maturity. A
few of these enzymes are not detectable until well after birth,
suggesting that birth is necessary but not sufficient for the onset of
expression (e.g., CYP1A2). Tissue-specific expression adds to the
complexity during ontogeny. For example, CYP3A7 expression is
restricted to the fetal liver. However, with few exceptions, complete
temporal relationship information during development is not known.
Furthermore, most studies have concentrated on hepatic expression and
much less is known about extrahepatic developmental events.
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