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Vol. 299, Issue 2, 434-441, November 2001
Arizona Cancer Center (G.S.W., M.G.G., R.I., S.E.S.) and
Departments of Pharmacology (B.W.F.) and Pathology (M.W.K.), University
of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Doxorubicin plays an important role in the treatment of leukemias,
lymphomas, and a variety of carcinomas. Tumor cell resistance to
doxorubicin is often associated with expression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, which codes for the drug efflux pump
P-glycoprotein, and a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Evidence from
multiple sources suggests, however, that additional genes besides MDR1
are involved in development of multidrug resistance. To identify genes
involved in the multidrug resistance phenotype, we created a 5760-gene cDNA microarray to search for differentially expressed genes between the human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI 8226 and its
doxorubicin-selected sublines 8226/Dox6 and 8226/Dox40, both of which
express MDR1 and are multidrug-resistant. The cDNA microarray results
identified a set of differentially expressed genes, which included MDR1
as expected. Thirty Northern analyses were used to confirm the results of the cDNA microarrays; comparison with the microarray results showed
a 90% agreement between the two techniques. Within the set of
differentially expressed genes identified by the cDNA microarrays, 29 were of particular interest as they can participate in apoptotic signaling, particularly as mediated by ceramide and the mitochondrial permeability transition. The functional importance of these changes in
gene expression is supported by their explanation of the 8226/Dox cell
lines' cross-resistance to substances that are not P-glycoprotein substrates, such as Fas/CD95 ligand and staurosporine. We conclude that
doxorubicin selection led to changes in gene expression that reduce the
apoptotic response to death-inducing stimuli and thus contribute to the
multidrug resistance phenotype.
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