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Vol. 294, Issue 2, 680-687, August 2000
Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research
Center, Southborough, Massachusetts
Dopaminergic mechanisms are thought to be critical in mediating relapse
to cocaine-seeking behavior. This study examined the different roles of
D1- and D2-like receptor mechanisms in the relapse process. Squirrel
monkeys were given extended histories of i.v. cocaine
self-administration under conditions in which responding was maintained
jointly by response-contingent cocaine injections and a cocaine-paired
visual stimulus (second-order schedule). Responding was then
extinguished by substituting saline for cocaine injections and omitting
presentations of the cocaine-paired stimulus. Subsequently,
noncontingent priming injections of cocaine combined with restoration
of the cocaine-paired stimulus induced dose-dependent reinstatement of
drug-seeking behavior, with response rates approaching those maintained
by active cocaine self-administration. The priming effects of cocaine
were attenuated by several D1- and D2-like receptor antagonists and low
efficacy agonists but not by the D3-preferring antagonists UH 232 and
AJ-76. The priming effects of cocaine were mimicked by the D2-like
receptor agonists R(
)-propylnorapomorphine
hydrochloride (NPA) and quinpirole, less consistently by 7-OH-DPAT, and
not by the D1-like receptor agonists SKF-81297 and SKF-82958, the
D3-preferring agonist PD-128,907, or any low efficacy agonist.
Cotreatment with NPA, PD-128,907, and 7-OH-DPAT did not alter
reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by a maximally effective
priming dose of cocaine, whereas cotreatment with D1-like receptor
agonists attenuated the priming effects of cocaine. The results suggest
that D1- and D2-like receptors play fundamentally different roles in
the relapse process. Although stimulation of D2-like, but probably not
D3-like, receptors appears necessary for induction of relapse, either
stimulation or blockade of D1-like receptors appears to be inhibitory
with respect to relapse.
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