![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vol. 293, Issue 1, 1-7, April 2000
2-Adrenergic Receptors1
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
Mice with altered 
2-adrenergic receptor genes have
become important tools in elucidating the subtype-specific functions of the three 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes because of the
lack of sufficiently subtype-selective pharmacological agents. Mice with a deletion (knockout) of the 2A-,
2B-, or 2C-gene as well as a point
mutation of the 2A-gene (2A-D79N) and a
3-fold overexpression of the 2C-gene have been
generated. Studies with these mice indicate that most of the classical
functions mediated by the 2-adrenergic receptor, such as
hypotension, sedation, analgesia, hypothermia, and anesthetic-sparing
effect, are mediated primarily by the 2A-subtype. The
2B-subtype is the principal mediator of the hypertensive response to 2-agonists, appears to play a role in
salt-induced hypertension, and may be important in developmental
processes. The 2C-subtype appears to be involved in many
central nervous system processes such as the startle reflex, stress
response, and locomotion. Both the 2A- and
2C-subtypes are important in the presynaptic inhibition
of norepinephrine release and appear to have distinct regulatory roles.
The ability to study subtype-specific functions in different mouse
strains by altering the same 2-adrenergic receptor in
different ways strengthens the conclusions drawn from these studies.
Although these genetic approaches have limitations, they have
significantly increased our understanding of the functions of
2-adrenergic receptor subtypes.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. M. Olsen, Y. Huang, S. Goodwin, D. C. Ciobanu, L. Lu, T. R. Sutter, and D. G. Winder Microarray analysis reveals distinctive signaling between the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, and dorsal striatum Physiol Genomics, February 19, 2008; 32(3): 283 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.H. Belmaker and G. Agam Major Depressive Disorder N. Engl. J. Med., January 3, 2008; 358(1): 55 - 68. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Stone, K. F. Kitto, J. C. Eisenach, C. A. Fairbanks, and G. L. Wilcox ST91 [2-(2,6-Diethylphenylamino)-2-imidazoline Hydrochloride]-Mediated Spinal Antinociception and Synergy with Opioids Persists in the Absence of Functional {alpha}-2A- or {alpha}-2C-Adrenergic Receptors J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2007; 323(3): 899 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Gilsbach, M. Brede, N. Beetz, E. Moura, V. Muthig, C. Gerstner, F. Barreto, S. Neubauer, M. A. Vieira-Coelho, and L. Hein Heterozygous {alpha}2C-adrenoceptor-deficient mice develop heart failure after transverse aortic constriction Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 728 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hara, T. Yamakura, T. Sata, and R. A. Harris The Effects of Anesthetics and Ethanol on {alpha}2 Adrenoceptor Subtypes Expressed with G Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in Xenopus Oocytes Anesth. Analg., November 1, 2005; 101(5): 1381 - 1388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Limbird The Receptor Concept: A Continuing Evolution Mol. Interv., December 1, 2004; 4(6): 326 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Cao, M. H. Weil, S. Sun, and W. Tang Vasopressor Agents for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, June 1, 2003; 8(2): 115 - 121. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gobert, B. Di Cara, L. Cistarelli, and M. J. Millan Piribedil Enhances Frontocortical and Hippocampal Release of Acetylcholine in Freely Moving Rats by Blockade of alpha 2A-Adrenoceptors: A Dialysis Comparison to Talipexole and Quinelorane in the Absence of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2003; 305(1): 338 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Snapir, J. Mikkelsson, M. Perola, A. Penttila, M. Scheinin, and P. J. Karhunen Variation in the alpha2B-adrenoceptorgene as a risk factor for prehospitalfatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2003; 41(2): 190 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Newman-Tancredi, D. Cussac, V. Audinot, J.-P. Nicolas, F. De Ceuninck, J.-A. Boutin, and M. J. Millan Differential Actions of Antiparkinson Agents at Multiple Classes of Monoaminergic Receptor. II. Agonist and Antagonist Properties at Subtypes of Dopamine D2-Like Receptor and alpha 1/alpha 2-Adrenoceptor J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2002; 303(2): 805 - 814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Reja, A. K. Goodchild, and P. M. Pilowsky Catecholamine-Related Gene Expression Correlates With Blood Pressures in SHR Hypertension, September 1, 2002; 40(3): 342 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Cussac, S. Schaak, C. Denis, and H. Paris alpha 2B-Adrenergic Receptor Activates MAPK via a Pathway Involving Arachidonic Acid Metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation J. Biol. Chem., May 24, 2002; 277(22): 19882 - 19888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Leao and H. Von Gersdorff Noradrenaline Increases High-Frequency Firing at the Calyx of Held Synapse During Development by Inhibiting Glutamate Release J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2297 - 2306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Carson and D. Robertson Genetic Manipulation of Noradrenergic Neurons J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2002; 301(2): 410 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kushikata, K. Hirota, H. Yoshida, T. Kubota, H. Ishihara, and A. Matsuki Alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Activity Affects Propofol-Induced Sleep Time Anesth. Analg., May 1, 2002; 94(5): 1201 - 1206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Fairbanks, L. S. Stone, K. F. Kitto, H. O. Nguyen, I. J. Posthumus, and G. L. Wilcox alpha 2C-Adrenergic Receptors Mediate Spinal Analgesia and Adrenergic-Opioid Synergy J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2002; 300(1): 282 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Sun, S. Lockyer, J. Li, R. Chen, M. Yoshitake, and J.-I. Kambayashi OPC-28326, a Selective Femoral Vasodilator, Is an alpha 2C-Adrenoceptor-Selective Antagonist J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2001; 299(2): 652 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Kintsurashvili, I. Gavras, C. Johns, and H. Gavras Effects of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Targeting of the {alpha}2B-Adrenergic Receptor Messenger RNA in the Central Nervous System Hypertension, November 1, 2001; 38(5): 1075 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Millan, D. Cussac, G. Milligan, C. Carr, V. Audinot, A. Gobert, F.'o. Lejeune, J.-M. Rivet, M. Brocco, D. Duqueyroix, et al. Antiparkinsonian Agent Piribedil Displays Antagonist Properties at Native, Rat, and Cloned, Human alpha 2-Adrenoceptors: Cellular and Functional Characterization J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2001; 297(3): 876 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Guimaraes and D. Moura Vascular Adrenoceptors: An Update Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2001; 53(2): 319 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Snapir, P. Heinonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, P. Alhopuro, M. K. Karvonen, T. A. Lakka, K. Nyyssonen, R. Salonen, J. Kauhanen, V.-P. Valkonen, et al. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the {alpha}2b-adrenergic receptor gene is a novel genetic risk factor for acute coronary events J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1516 - 1522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Millan, A. Dekeyne, A. Newman-Tancredi, D. Cussac, V. Audinot, G. Milligan, D. Duqueyroix, S. Girardon, J. Mullot, J. A. Boutin, et al. S18616, a Highly Potent, Spiroimidazoline Agonist at alpha 2-Adrenoceptors: I. Receptor Profile, Antinociceptive and Hypothermic Actions in Comparison with Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2000; 295(3): 1192 - 1205. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Millan, F. Lejeune, A. Gobert, M. Brocco, A. Auclair, C. Bosc, J.-M. Rivet, J.-M. Lacoste, A. Cordi, and A. Dekeyne S18616, a Highly Potent Spiroimidazoline Agonist at alpha 2-Adrenoceptors: II. Influence on Monoaminergic Transmission, Motor Function, and Anxiety in Comparison with Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2000; 295(3): 1206 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Elenkov, R. L. Wilder, G. P. Chrousos, and E. S. Vizi The Sympathetic Nerve---An Integrative Interface between Two Supersystems: The Brain and the Immune System Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2000; 52(4): 595 - 638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Bruban, V. Estato, S. Schann, J.-D. Ehrhardt, L. Monassier, P. Renard, E. Scalbert, J. Feldman, and P. Bousquet Evidence for Synergy Between {alpha}2-Adrenergic and Nonadrenergic Mechanisms in Central Blood Pressure Regulation Circulation, March 5, 2002; 105(9): 1116 - 1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
