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Vol. 291, Issue 3, 1348-1355, December 1999

Glutathione Peptidomimetic Drug Modulator of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein1

Miechelle L. O'Brien, Bojana Vulevic, Seema Freer, Jonathan Boyd, Hongxie Shen and Kenneth D. Tew

Department of Pharmacology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The peptidomimetic drug gamma -glutamyl-S-(benzyl)cysteinyl-R-(-)-phenyl glycine diethyl ester (TER199) is an analog of glutathione designed to be an isozyme-specific inhibitor of GSTP1-1 protein1-1. This compound (and the de-esterified moiety) is shown to be an effective inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated protein1 (MRP1)-mediated drug resistance. Kinetic analyses revealed that gamma -glutamyl-S-(benzyl)cysteinyl-R-(-)-phenyl glycine reversibly inhibits the transport of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione with a Ki of 752 µM. TER199 reversed the accumulation deficit of daunorubicin in MRP1-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblasts and maintained intracellular levels for >2 h after daunorubicin removal. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that TER199 significantly reversed the resistance of MRP1-transfected NIH3T3 cells for vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone. HL-60 cells made resistant to TER199 by chronic, long-term selection had increased mRNA and protein levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1, and gamma -glutamyl cysteine synthetase heavy and light subunits (the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis). In spite of increased gamma -glutamyl cysteine synthetase, their glutathione content was reduced ~35% from that of parental HL-60 cells. These cells also exhibited a drug resistance profile commensurate with the previously described MRP1 overexpressing phenotype, with resistance to Vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and anthracyclines; additional cross-resistance to paclitaxel (Taxol), mitoxantrone, and 5-fluorouracil was observed.


0022-3565/99/2913-1348$03.00/0
THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
Copyright © 1999 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics



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