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Vol. 291, Issue 1, 416-423, October 1999
Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New
York (F.A.D.T.G.W., J.-L.D.S., T.F., T.D.W., N.G.A.); and the
Rockfeller University, New York, New York (A.K.)
Heme oxygenase (HO), by catabolizing heme to bile pigments,
down-regulates cellular hemoprotein, hemoglobin, and heme; the latter
generates pro-oxidant products, including free radicals. Two HO
isozymes, the products of distinct genes, have been described; HO-1 is
the inducible isoform, whereas HO-2 is suggested to be constitutively
expressed. We studied the inducing effect of several metal compounds
(CoCl2, stannic mesoporphyrin, and heme) on HO activity.
Additionally, we studied HO-1 expression in experimental models of
adhesion molecule expression produced by heme in endothelial cells, and
the relationship of HO-1 expression to the induced adhesion molecules.
Flow cytometry analysis showed that heme induces intracellular adhesion
molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in a concentration (10-100 µM)- and
time (1-24 h)-dependent fashion in human umbilical vein endothelial
cells. Pretreatment with stannic mesoporphyrin, an inhibitor of
HO activity, caused a 2-fold increase in heme-induced ICAM-1
expression. In contrast, HO induction by CoCl2 decreased heme-induced ICAM-1 expression by 33%. To examine the contribution of
HO-1 and HO-2 to endothelial HO activity, specific antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) of each isoform were tested for their specificity to inhibit HO activity in cells exposed to heme.
Endothelial cells exposed to heme elicited increased HO activity, which
was prevented (70%) by HO-1 antisense ODNs. HO-2 antisense ODN
inhibited heme-induced HO activity by 21%. Addition of HO-1 antisense
ODNs prevented heme degradation and resulted in elevation of microsomal heme. Western blot analysis showed that HO-1 antisense ODNs selectively inhibited HO-1 protein and failed to inhibit HO-2 protein. Incubation of endothelial cells with HO-1 antisense enhanced heme-dependent increase of ICAM-1. In contrast, addition of HO-2 antisense to endothelial cells failed to increase adhesion molecules. The role of
glutathione, an important antioxidant, was examined on heme-induced ICAM-1 expression. Endothelial cells pretreated with a glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine, or glutathione ester,
showed a decrease in heme-induced ICAM-1 expression of 37 and 44%,
respectively, suggesting that the mechanism of ICAM-1 induction by heme
may be partly dependent on the levels of antioxidant. It is possible that amelioration of the heme-induced oxidative stress and expression of ICAM-I is due, in part, to the induction of HO-1 activity. Regulation of HO activity in this manner may have clinical applications.
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