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Vol. 291, Issue 1, 308-313, October 1999
Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki
University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (M.I.,
I.S., A.Y., H.U.); Section on Genetics, National Institute of Mental
Health, Bethesda, Maryland (A.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, Faculty
of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.); and
Department of Biochemistry, Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Fukuoka, Japan (T.S.)
We previously reported that the intraplantar (i.pl.) application
of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) at extremely low doses elicited a
nociception through a substance P (SP) release from nociceptor endings.
In the present study, the nociception induced by SP (and N/OFQ) was
abolished by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of neurokinin1
(SP receptor) antagonist, suggesting the involvement of the stimulation
of nociceptive primary SP neuron and SP release into spinal synapses.
On the other hand, similar low doses of N/OFQ (i.t.) exerted
nociceptive responses, characterized by scratching, biting, and
licking, and these responses were blocked by an neurokinin1 antagonist (i.t.) or capsaicin pretreatment or in tachykinin 1 gene
knockout mice (tac1
/
mice), suggesting that N/OFQ
receptor (NOR) also exists on the spinal terminals of SP neurons. When
wide ranges of N/OFQ doses were used, a typical bell-shaped
dose-response relationship was observed in both peripheral and central
nociception tests. Furthermore, N/OFQ (1 nmol) administered i.pl.
blocked SP (i.pl.)-induced flexor responses, which were abolished by
pertussis toxin pretreatment or in NOR gene knockout
(NOR
/
) mice. On the other hand, N/OFQ administered
i.t. blocked SP (i.t.)-induced scratching, biting, and licking in
capsaicin-pretreated and tac1
/
mice, and this
antinociception was abolished in NOR
/
mice. All these
findings suggest that N/OFQ has biphasic actions depending on doses in
the nociceptors and spinal synapses and has postsynaptic
antinociceptive actions in spinal cord by modulating SP signaling.
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