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Vol. 287, Issue 1, 322-331, October 1998
Molecular Neuropsychiatry Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch,
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National
Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Laboratory of Clinical Science,
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland
Delta opioid peptide
[D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin
(DADLE) can prolong organ preservation and increases myocardial
tolerance to ischemia. Our study examined the protective property of
DADLE against methamphetamine- (METH) induced dopaminergic terminal damage in the central nervous system. Because the neurotoxicity of METH
involves reactive oxygen species, we also examined if DADLE might be an
antioxidative agent in vitro. DADLE at 2 and 4 mg/kg (i.p.),
given 30 min before each METH administration (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p., four
injections in a day at 2-hr intervals), dose-dependently blocked the
METH-induced long-term dopamine transporter loss. The opioid antagonist
naltrexone blocked this action of DADLE in both aspects of striata but
tends not to affect the effects of DADLE in the nucleus accumbens.
DADLE did not alter changes in body temperature induced by METH. The
reduction of striatal dopaminergic content and tyrosine hydroxylase
activity caused by METH, however, were not blocked by DADLE. In
vitro, DADLE was approximately equipotent to glutathione in
inhibiting both superoxide anion formation induced by xanthine oxidase
and hydroxyl radical formation evoked by ferrous/citrate complex. DADLE
was only slightly less potent than glutathione in inhibiting the
iron/ascorbate-induced brain lipid peroxidation. These results suggest
that DADLE can protect the terminal membranes of dopaminergic neurons
against METH-induced insult but not the loss of dopaminergic content
and tyrosine hydroxylase activity and that this action of DADLE might involve opioid receptors as well as the sequestration of free radical.
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