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Vol. 287, Issue 1, 167-186, October 1998
Institut de Recherches Servier, The novel benzoindane S 18126 possessed > 100-fold higher
affinity at cloned, human (h) D4 (Ki = 2.4 nM) vs. hD2 (738 nM), hD3
(2840 nM), hD1 (> 3000 nM) and hD5 (> 3000 nM) receptors and about 50 other sites, except
1
receptors (1.6 nM). L 745,870 similarly showed selectivity for
hD4 (2.5 nM) vs. hD2 (905 nM) and
hD3 (> 3000 nM) receptors. In contrast, raclopride
displayed low affinity at hD4 (> 3000 nM) vs.
hD2 (1.1 nM) and hD3 receptors (1.4 nM).
Stimulation of [35S]-GTP
S binding at hD4
receptors by dopamine (DA) was blocked by S 18126 and L 745,870 with
Kb values of 2.2 and 1.0 nM, respectively, whereas raclopride (> 1000 nM) was inactive. In contrast, raclopride inhibited stimulation of [35S]-GTP
S binding at
hD2 sites by DA with a Kb of 1.4 nM,
whereas S 18126 (> 1000 nM) and L 745,870 (> 1000 nM) were inactive.
As concerns presynaptic dopaminergic receptors, raclopride (0.01-0.05 mg/kg s.c.) markedly enhanced DA synthesis in mesocortical, mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. In contrast, even high doses
(2.5-40.0 mg/kg s.c.) of S 18126 and L 745,870 were only weakly
active. Similarly, raclopride (0.016 mg/kg i.v.) abolished inhibition
of the firing rate of ventrotegmental dopaminergic neurons by
apomorphine, whereas even high doses (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) of S 18126 and L
745,870 were only weakly active. As regards postsynaptic dopaminergic
receptors, raclopride potently (0.01-0.3 mg/kg s.c.) reduced rotation
elicited by quinpirole in rats with unilateral lesions of the
substantia nigra, antagonized induction of hypothermia by PD 128,907, blocked amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and was effective in six
further models of potential antipsychotic activity. In contrast, S
18126 and L 745,870 were only weakly active in these models (5.0->
40.0 mg/kg s.c.). In six models of extrapyramidal and motor symptoms,
such as induction of catalepsy, raclopride was likewise potently active
(0.01-2.0 mg/kg s.c.) whereas S 18126 and L 745,870 were only weakly
active (10.0-80.0 mg/kg s.c.). In freely moving rats, raclopride (0.16 mg/kg s.c.) increased levels of DA by + 55% in dialysates of the
frontal cortex. However, it also increased levels of DA in the
accumbens and striatum by 70% and 75%, respectively. In contrast to
raclopride, at a dose of 0.16 mg/kg s.c., neither S 18126 nor L 745,870 modified frontal cortex levels of DA. However, at a high dose (40.0 mg/kg s.c.), S 18126 increased dialysate levels of DA (+ 85%) and
noradrenaline (+ 100%), but not serotonin (+ 10%), in frontal cortex
without affecting DA levels in accumbens (+ 10%) and
striatum (+ 10%). In conclusion, S 18126 and L 745,870 behave as
potent and selective antagonists of cloned, hD4
vs. other dopaminergic receptor types in vitro.
However, their in vivo effects at high doses
probably reflect residual antagonist actions at D2 (or
D3) receptors. Selective blockade of D4
receptors was thus associated neither with a modification of
dopaminergic transmission nor with antipsychotic (antiproductive) or
extrapyramidal properties. The functional effects of selective D4 receptor blockade remain to be established.
0022-3565/98/2871-0167$03.00/0
THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
Copyright © 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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