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Vol. 286, Issue 3, 1171-1176, September 1998
Departments of
Pharmacology and Psychiatry (R.C.P.), Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2394, and
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program (E.A.Q., D.C.R., Z.R.M., P.W.K.),
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6520
To assess the influence of calcium channel antagonists on the
expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine, the L-type calcium
channel antagonist diltiazem or the N-type calcium channel antagonist
-conotoxin GVIA was microinjected into the medial nucleus accumbens
before a systemic cocaine challenge injection among rats that were
previously treated with daily systemic saline or cocaine injections.
The results indicated that both of these drugs attenuated the
expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Among
saline-pretreated rats, diltiazem did not influence the behavioral
response to an acute injection of cocaine, whereas -conotoxin
significantly impaired acute cocaine-induced behavioral hyperactivity.
A second series of experiments assessed the influence of protein
kinases on the expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
Inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (KN-93,
N-[2-[[[3-(4'-chlorophenyl)-2-propenyl]methylamino]methyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4'-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide phosphate), protein kinase A (H-89,
N-[2((p-bromocinnamyl)amino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide) or calcium-dependent protein kinase C (bisindolymaleimide I,
2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-maleimide) were microinjected into the medial nucleus accumbens before a challenge
injection of cocaine among rats repeatedly administered either saline
or cocaine. None of the kinase inhibitors influenced the behavioral
response induced by cocaine in saline-pretreated rats. Among
cocaine-sensitized animals, the microinjection of KN-93 or
bisindolymaleimide I blocked the expression of behavioral sensitization
to cocaine, whereas H-89 had no effect. Taken together, these results
indicate that neuronal calcium, acting via
calcium-dependent kinases, promotes the expression of behavioral
sensitization to cocaine.
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