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Vol. 286, Issue 2, 883-889, August 1998
Neuro-Behavioural Biology Center (P.G., T.S., N.K.), Institute of
Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University
at Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand and
Thanyarak Hospital (T.U.),
Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Thunyaburi,
Pathumthani 12130, Thailand
Conflicting results, both decreased and increased, have been reported
concerning the function of T-lymphocytes in heroin addicts. We
investigated the alterations of T-lymphocyte proliferative responses
and immunophenotypic markers on lymphoid cells in heroin addicts and
during different periods of heroin withdrawal in addicted subjects.
This study has demonstrated a decrease in the response of T-lymphocytes
to 1.2, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/ml of phytohemagglutinin stimuli in heroin
addicts and 1- to 5-day heroin withdrawal subjects compared with
controls. Similarly, in an in vitro study,
10
, 10 and
10 M concentrations of morphine were shown
to suppress 0.6 and 2.5 µg/ml of PHA-stimulated T-lymphocyte obtained
from naive subjects. This inhibitory effect of morphine on PHA
stimulation was completely abolished by 100 µM naloxone. The
immunological parameters of total T-lymphocytes (CD3), T-helper cells
(CD4), cytotoxic T-cells (CD8), B-cells and natural killer cells that
are the immunophenotypic markers studied by flow cytometric analysis
were altered in heroin addicts, 15- to 21-day and 6- to 24-month heroin
withdrawal subjects, when compared with controls. These results suggest
that heroin addicts and short period (15 to 21 days and 6 to 24 months)
of heroin withdrawal have decreases in their immune system functioning and that the heroin withdrawal subjects seem to gradually reverse their
immunological parameters to normal levels when withdrawal was sustained
2 years. This is the first report examining immune function in heroin
withdrawal subjects using the "cold turkey" method. The results are
beneficial for further study of the mechanism responsible for the
opioid-induced changes in immune function.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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 A. Jamali, M. Mahdavi, Z. M. Hassan, F. Sabahi, M. J. Farsani, T. Bamdad, H. Soleimanjahi, M. Motazakker, and S. Shahabi A novel adjuvant, the general opioid antagonist naloxone, elicits a robust cellular immune response for a DNA vaccine Int. Immunol., March 1, 2009; 21(3): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 X. Wang, S. D. Douglas, J.-S. Peng, D.-J. Zhou, Q. Wan, and W.-Z. Ho An in Vitro Model of Morphine Withdrawal Manifests the Enhancing Effect on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Human T Lymphocytes through the Induction of Substance P Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2006; 169(5): 1663 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 P. Feng, Q. M. Wilson, J. J. Meissler Jr, M. W. Adler, and T. K. Eisenstein Increased Sensitivity to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice Undergoing Withdrawal from Morphine Is Associated with Suppression of Interleukin-12 Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 7953 - 7959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. T. Rahim, J. J. Meissler Jr., M. W. Adler, and T. K. Eisenstein Splenic macrophages and B cells mediate immunosuppression following abrupt withdrawal from morphine J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2005; 78(6): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Kelschenbach, R. A. Barke, and S. Roy Morphine Withdrawal Contributes to Th Cell Differentiation by Biasing Cells Toward the Th2 Lineage J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2655 - 2665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Mace, M. Jaume, C. Blanpied, L. Stephan, J. D. Coudert, P. Druet, and G. Dietrich Anti-{micro}-opioid-receptor IgG antibodies are commonly present in serum from healthy blood donors: evidence for a role in apoptotic immune cell death Blood, October 16, 2002; 100(9): 3261 - 3268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. R. Basso and R. A. Bornstein Neurobehavioural consequences of substance abuse and HIV infection J Psychopharmacol, May 1, 2000; 14(3): 228 - 237. [Abstract] [PDF]
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