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Vol. 283, Issue 2, 735-741, 1997
Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California
(C.T.D., C.G.S., R.A.H) and
SRI International, Menlo Park,
California (I.P.B-G., K.C., I.D.A., S.R.B., L.T.).
Fifteen hexapeptides having high affinity for the opioid-like receptor
ORL1 were identified from a combinatorial library containing more than
52 million different hexapeptides. The five compounds with the highest
affinity were characterized further by use of a variety of in
vitro models. Binding studies indicated that these five
peptides have affinity for ORL1 in the nanomolar range, similar to the
recently discovered endogenous ligand called nociceptin and orphanin FQ
(N/OFQ). The activity of these compounds was investigated in three
different assays: stimulation of [35S]GTP
S binding and
inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in Chinese hamster
ovary cells transfected with ORL1, and inhibition of electrically
induced contractions in the mouse vas deferens. In each assay, the five
hexapeptides acted as partial agonists. The EC50 values for
stimulation of [35S]GTP
S binding and inhibition of
cAMP accumulation were in the range of that for N/OFQ, but maximal
effects ranged from 70 to 90% of N/OFQ in the cAMP assay, and 30 to
60% of N/OFQ in the GTP
S assay. The positive hexapeptides
identified were found to have minimal structural similarity to N/OFQ.
The peptides are positively charged, which could enable them to bind to
the negatively charged second extracellular loop thought to be a likely
binding site for N/OFQ.
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