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Vol. 283, Issue 2, 636-647, 1997
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Merck Sharp & Dohme
Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park,
Eastwick Road Harlow, Essex, U.K.
L-745,870,(3-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1Hpyrollo[2,3-b]
pyridine, was identified as a selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist
with excellent oral bioavailability and brain penetration. L-745,870
displaced specific binding of 0.2 nM [3H] spiperone to
cloned human dopamine D4 receptors with a binding affinity
(Ki) of 0.43 nM which was 5- and 20-fold
higher than that of the standard antipsychotics haloperidol and
clozapine, respectively. L-745,870 exhibited high selectivity for the
dopamine D4 receptor (>2000 fold) compared to other dopamine receptor
subtypes and had moderate affinity for 5HT2, sigma and
alpha adrenergic receptors(IC50 < 300 nM).
In vitro, L-745,870 (0.1-1 µM) exhibited D4 receptor
antagonist activity, reversing dopamine (1 µM) mediated 1) inhibition
of adenylate cyclase in hD4HEK and hD4CHO cells; 2) stimulation of
[35S] GTP
S binding and 3) stimulation of extracellular
acidification rate, but did not exhibit any significant intrinsic
activity in these assays. Although standard antipsychotics increase
dopamine metabolism or plasma prolactin levels in rodents, L-745,870
(
30 mg/kg p.o.) had no effect in these assays. The lack of a suitable in vivo assay for D4 receptor activation prompted the
use of in vivo surrogate marker assays which confirmed
that doses of 5-60 µg/kg L-745,870 would be sufficient to occupy 50%
D4 receptors in the brain. These results show that dopamine D4 receptor
antagonism in the brain does not result in the same neurochemical
consequences (increased dopamine metabolism or hyperprolactinemia)
observed with typical neuroleptics.
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