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DJ Carr and CP France
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans.
The effect of morphine treatment on immunocompetence was investigated in rhesus monkeys (Mucaca mulatta). Monkeys that received morphine daily (3.2 mg/kg) had suppressed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) natural killer (NK) activity as well as a decrease in the percentage of CD8+CD16+ cells compared with saline-treated (controls) or infrequently treated (i.e., opioids once or twice weekly) monkeys. However, an increase (20 +/- 5%) in the percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was found in both the daily and infrequent opioid-treated monkeys compared with controls. Conversely, the percentage of total CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD45RA+ was reduced (12 +/- 2% and 28 +/- 10% respectively) in both daily and infrequent opioid-treated animals compared with saline-treated controls. In a reciprocal fashion, there was an increase in the CD4+CD29+ population in daily morphine-treated monkeys (54% of the total CD4+ cells) compared with untreated animals (37% of the total CD4+ cells). In addition, cultured PBMC obtained from monkeys treated daily with morphine produced significantly (P < .01) more polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G (366 ng/ml) and polyclonal IgM (233 ng/ml) compared with PBMC production of polyclonal IgG (96 ng/ml) and polyclonal IgM (67 ng/ml) from saline-treated controls. However, no differences were found in the percentage of CD19+ lymphocytes among any of the groups. In summary, daily treatment with a relatively low dose of morphine (3.2 mg/kg) affects immunocompetence which could have important implications in the regulation of viral pathogens in i.v. drug abusers (e.g., AIDS).
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