![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NL Benowitz and P Jacob
We examined the hypothesis that rate of elimination of nicotine affects nicotine intake during cigarette smoking. Elimination rate was altered by administering ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate throughout the day. Nicotine intake during unrestricted cigarette smoking was measured using metabolic clearance data obtained after i.v. nicotine infusion together with blood and urinary nicotine concentrations measured during 24-hr periods of cigarette smoking. Compared with placebo treatment (urine pH 5.6), urinary acidification (pH 4.5) increased (208%) renal clearance and, to a lesser extent (41%), total clearance and increased (by 7.2 mg) daily urinary excretion of nicotine. Urinary alkalinization (pH 6.7) resulted in a decrease (78%) in renal clearance with a small decrease (3.7 mg) in daily nicotine excretion. Average blood nicotine concentrations were similar in placebo and bicarbonate treatment conditions, but were 15% lower during acid loading. Daily intake of nicotine was 18% greater during acid loading. The compensatory increase in nicotine consumption was only partial, replacing about half the excess urinary nicotine loss. This is the first direct demonstration that rate of elimination can influence self-determined drug consumption in humans.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Malaiyandi, S. D. Goodz, E. M. Sellers, and R. F. Tyndale CYP2A6 Genotype, Phenotype, and the Use of Nicotine Metabolites as Biomarkers during Ad libitum Smoking. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2006; 15(10): 1812 - 1819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hukkanen, P. Jacob III, and N. L. Benowitz Metabolism and Disposition Kinetics of Nicotine Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2005; 57(1): 79 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. P. Moyer, J. R. Charlson, R. J. Enger, L. C. Dale, J. O. Ebbert, D. R. Schroeder, and R. D. Hurt Simultaneous Analysis of Nicotine, Nicotine Metabolites, and Tobacco Alkaloids in Serum or Urine by Tandem Mass Spectrometry, with Clinically Relevant Metabolic Profiles Clin. Chem., September 1, 2002; 48(9): 1460 - 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Hecht, S. G. Carmella, M. Ye, K.-a. Le, J. A. Jensen, C. L. Zimmerman, and D. K. Hatsukami Quantitation of Metabolites of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone after Cessation of Smokeless Tobacco Use Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 62(1): 129 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J Thun and D. M Burns Health impact of ""reduced yield"" cigarettes: a critical assessment of the epidemiological evidence Tob. Control, December 1, 2001; 10(90001): i4 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. L. Benowitz, S. Zevin, and P. Jacob III Suppression of Nicotine Intake During Ad Libitum Cigarette Smoking by High-Dose Transdermal Nicotine J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 1998; 287(3): 958 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takami, H. Saito, M. Okuda, M. Takano, and K.-I. Inui Distinct Characteristics of Transcellular Transport between Nicotine and Tetraethylammonium in LLC-PK1 Cells J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1998; 286(2): 676 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Foulds and A.H. Ghodse The role of nicotine in tobacco smoking: implications for tobacco control policy The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, August 1, 1995; 115(4): 225 - 230. [Abstract]
|
|
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
