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Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 179, Issue 2, 268-276, 1971
Copyright © 1971 by American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

AVERSIVE PROPERTIES OF NALORPHINE AND NALOXONE IN MORPHINE-DEPENDENT RHESUS MONKEYS

STEVEN R. GOLDBERG 1, FRIEDRICH HOFFMEISTER 1, UTA SCHLICHTING 1, and WOLFGANG WUTTKE 1

1 Institut für Pharmakologie der Farbenfabriken Bayer AG, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany

Key-pressing responses of two rhesus monkeys produced i.v. injections of 0.1 mg/kg of morphine, 24 hours a day. After response rate and daily morphine intake stabilized, monkeys were continued under this schedule for one month to allow morphine dependence to develop. Subsequently, every two to three days a 7frac12-hour substitution session was conducted during which responses did not produce morphine injections but did produce, during alternate sessions, either saline injections or 0.1 mg/kg injections of the morphine antagonist, nalorphine. Although nalorphine injections precipitated a severe abstinence syndrome, the monkeys' response rates during 7frac12-hour nalorphine-substitution sessions were not suppressed compared to responding during salinesubstitution sessions or to control responding maintained by morphine injection. The schedule was then changed so that responses no longer produced drug injections. To maintain dependence, 3 mg/kg of morphine were automatically injected every 4 hours. The monkeys were then placed under schedules in which responses either terminated a stimulus (green light) associated with i.v. nalorphine, naloxone or saline injections (avoidance) or terminated the injections themselves (escape). Under these schedule conditions, high rates of avoidance and escape responding were maintained with nalorphine and naloxone injections but not with saline injections.

Submitted on January 29, 1971
Accepted on August 6, 1971




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Copyright © 1971 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.