![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Contents]](/icons/banner/tocACT.gif){kind=icon}
|
|
|
|
|
||
1 Illinois State Psychiatric Institute; University of Illinois Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
A double-isotope technique, in which dl-
-H2-norepinephrine (4.1-12.3µc)) was injected into the cisterna magna, dl--C14-norepinephrine (1.0-2.7µc) was infused into the jugular vein of five adult dogs and periodic urine collections were made for 12 hr, was utilized to ascertain the amounts and rates of appearance in urine of labeled metabolites of brain norepinephrine. The assumptions underlying the method have been checked by comparison with experimental data obtained by other means. From the quantities and rates of appearance in urine of labeled metabolites from brain the following conclusions were reached: 1) 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol is the principal metabolite of brain norepinephrine excreted in urine. 2) The in vivo half-life of the endogenous, total brain pool of norepinephrine is approximately 2.70 hr. 3) It is estimated that 22 to 27% of the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol, 0.7 to 1.0% of the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and less than 11% of the normetanephrine excreted in urine in 24 hr has had its origin in the brain pool of norepinephrine. A kinetic model consistent wth the data and the reports of others is presented, and points of difference between brain and body pools are noted. The differences suggest that inferences about the metabolism of norepinephrine by brain based upon studies of peripheral adrenergic tissues must be made with caution.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  W. O. Shekim, E. Sinclair, R. Glaser, E. Horwitz, J. Javaid, and D. B. Bylund Norepinephrine and Dopamine Metabolites and Educational Variables in Boys With Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity J Child Neurol, January 1, 1987; 2(1): 50 - 56. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Kopin, E. Gordon, D. Jimerson, and R. Polinsky Relation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol Science, January 7, 1983; 219(4580): 73 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Linnoila, F. Karoum, and W. Z. Potter High Correlation of Norepinephrine and Its Major Metabolite Excretion Rates Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 1982; 39(5): 521 - 523. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Lake, H. Gullner, R. Polinsky, M. Ebert, M. Ziegler, and F. Bartter Essential hypertension: central and peripheral norepinephrine Science, February 27, 1981; 211(4485): 955 - 957. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Maas, S. Hattox, N. Greene, and D. Landis 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol production by human brain in vivo Science, September 7, 1979; 205(4410): 1025 - 1027. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Sweeney, J. W. Maas, and G. R. Heninger State Anxiety, Physical Activity, and Urinary 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenethylene Glycol Excretion Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 1978; 35(12): 1418 - 1423. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Schildkraut, P. J. Orsulak, A. F. Schatzberg, J. E. Gudeman, J. O. Cole, W. A. Rohde, and R. A. LaBrie Toward a Biochemical Classification of Depressive Disorders: I. Differences in Urinary Excretion of MHPG and Other Catecholamine Metabolites in Clinically Defined Subtypes of Depressions Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 1978; 35(12): 1427 - 1433. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pickar, D. R. Sweeney, J. W. Maas, and G. R. Heninger Primary Affective Disorder, Clinical State Change, and MHPG Excretion: A Longitudinal Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 1978; 35(11): 1378 - 1383. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. Brown, H. C. Stancer, H. Moldofsky, J. Harman, J. T. Murphy, and R. N. Gupta Withdrawal From Long-term High-Dose Desipramine Therapy: Clinical and Biological Changes Arch Gen Psychiatry, October 1, 1978; 35(10): 1261 - 1264. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. R. Lake, J. H. Wood, M. G. Ziegler, M. H. Ebert, and I. J. Kopin Probenecid-Induced Norepinephrine Elevations in Plasma and CSF Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 1978; 35(2): 237 - 240. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Garfinkel, J. J. Warsh, H. C. Stancer, and D. D. Godse CNS Monoamine Metabolism in Bipolar Affective Disorder: Evaluation Using a Peripheral Decarboxylase Inhibitor Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 1977; 34(6): 735 - 739. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Cryer and S. Weiss Reduced Plasma Norepinephrine Response to Standing in Autonomic Dysfunction Arch Neurol, April 1, 1976; 33(4): 275 - 277. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Maas and J. W. Maas Biogenic Amines and Depression: Biochemical and Pharmacological Separation of Two Types of Depression Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 1975; 32(11): 1357 - 1361. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Akiskal and W. T. McKinney Jr. Overview of Recent Research in Depression: Integration of Ten Conceptual Models Into a Comprehensive Clinical Frame Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 1975; 32(3): 285 - 305. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Beckmann and F. K. Goodwin Antidepressant Response to Tricyclics and Urinary MHPG in Unipolar Patients: Clinical Response to Imipramine or Amitriptyline Arch Gen Psychiatry, January 1, 1975; 32(1): 17 - 21. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Sack and F. K. Goodwin Inhibition of Dopamine-B-Hydroxylase in Manic Patients: A Clinical Trial With Fusaric Acid Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 1974; 31(5): 649 - 654. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Cytryn, D. H. McKnew Jr., and R. B. Desai Biochemical Correlates of Affective Disorders in Children Arch Gen Psychiatry, November 1, 1974; 31(5): 659 - 661. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Akiskal and W. T. McKinney Jr. Depressive Disorders: Toward a Unified Hypothesis: Clinical, experimental, genetic, biochemical, and neurophysiological data are integrated Science, October 5, 1973; 182(4107): 20 - 29. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Goode, H. Dekirmenjian, H. Y. Meltzer, and J. W. Maas Relation of Exercise to MHPG Excretion in Normal Subjects Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 1973; 29(3): 391 - 396. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Schildkraut, B. A. Keeler, M. Papousek, and E. Hartmann MHPG Excretion in Depressive Disorders: Relation to Clinical Subtypes and Desynchronized Sleep Science, August 24, 1973; 181(4101): 762 - 764. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Post, E. K. Gordon, F. K. Goodwin, and W. E. Bunney Jr. Central Norepinephrine Metabolism in Affective Illness: MHPG in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Science, March 9, 1973; 179(4077): 1002 - 1003. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Shopsin, S. Wilk, S. Gershon, K. Davis, and M. Suhl Cerebrospinal Fluid MHPG: An Assessment of Norepinephrine Metabolism in Affective Disorders Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 1973; 28(2): 230 - 233. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. D. Jones, J. W. Maas, H. Dekirmenjian, and J. A. Fawcett Urinary Catecholamine Metabolites during Behavioral Changes in a Patient with Manic-Depressive Cycles Science, January 19, 1973; 179(4070): 300 - 302. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Fawcett, J. W. Maas, and H. Dekirmenjian Depression and MHPG Excretion: Response to Dextroamphetamine and Tricyclic Antidepressants Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 1972; 26(3): 246 - 251. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Maas, J. A. Fawcett, and H. Dekirmenjian Catecholamine Metabolism, Depressive Illness, and Drug Response Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 1972; 26(3): 252 - 262. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Maas and M. Mednieks Hydrocortisone-Mediated Increase of Norepinephrine Uptake by Brain Slices Science, January 15, 1971; 171(3967): 178 - 179. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Steinman, S. E. Smerin, and J. D. Barchas Epinephrine Metabolism in Mammalian Brain after Intravenous and Intraventricular Administration Science, August 8, 1969; 165(3893): 616 - 617. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
 |
 |
 |
|
 |
 |
 |
